1: @c -*-texinfo-*-
    2: @node GNU Free Documentation License
    3: @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
    4: @center Version 1.1, March 2000
    5: 
    6: @display
    7: Copyright (C) 2000, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    8: 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
    9: 
   10: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
   11: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
   12: @end display
   13: @sp 1
   14: @enumerate 0
   15: @item
   16: PREAMBLE
   17: 
   18: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
   19: written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
   20: the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
   21: modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
   22: this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
   23: credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
   24: modifications made by others.
   25: 
   26: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
   27: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
   28: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
   29: license designed for free software.
   30: 
   31: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
   32: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
   33: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
   34: software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
   35: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
   36: whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
   37: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
   38: 
   39: @sp 1
   40: @item
   41: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
   42: 
   43: This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
   44: notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
   45: under the terms of this License.  The ``Document'', below, refers to any
   46: such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
   47: addressed as ``you.''
   48: 
   49: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
   50: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
   51: modifications and/or translated into another language.
   52: 
   53: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
   54: the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
   55: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
   56: (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
   57: within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a
   58: textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
   59: mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
   60: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
   61: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
   62: them.
   63: 
   64: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
   65: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
   66: that says that the Document is released under this License.
   67: 
   68: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
   69: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
   70: the Document is released under this License.
   71: 
   72: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
   73: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
   74: general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
   75: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
   76: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
   77: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
   78: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
   79: to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
   80: format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
   81: subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is
   82: not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.''
   83: 
   84: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
   85: ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
   86: or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
   87: HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include
   88: PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
   89: by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
   90: processing tools are not generally available, and the
   91: machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
   92: purposes only.
   93: 
   94: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
   95: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
   96: this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
   97: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
   98: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
   99: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
  100: @sp 1
  101: @item
  102: VERBATIM COPYING
  103: 
  104: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  105: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  106: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
  107: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
  108: conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
  109: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
  110: copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
  111: compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
  112: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  113: 
  114: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
  115: you may publicly display copies.
  116: @sp 1
  117: @item
  118: COPYING IN QUANTITY
  119: 
  120: If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
  121: and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
  122: the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
  123: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
  124: the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
  125: you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
  126: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
  127: visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  128: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
  129: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
  130: as verbatim copying in other respects.
  131: 
  132: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  133: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  134: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  135: pages.
  136: 
  137: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
  138: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
  139: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
  140: a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
  141: Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
  142: general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
  143: charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter
  144: option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
  145: distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
  146: Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
  147: until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
  148: copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
  149: the public.
  150: 
  151: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  152: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  153: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  154: @sp 1
  155: @item
  156: MODIFICATIONS
  157: 
  158: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  159: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  160: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  161: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  162: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  163: of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  164: 
  165: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  166:    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  167:    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  168:    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
  169:    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@*
  170: B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  171:    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  172:    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  173:    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@*
  174: C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  175:    Modified Version, as the publisher.@*
  176: D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@*
  177: E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  178:    adjacent to the other copyright notices.@*
  179: F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  180:    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  181:    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@*
  182: G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  183:    and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@*
  184: H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@*
  185: I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
  186:    it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  187:    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
  188:    there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
  189:    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  190:    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  191:    Version as stated in the previous sentence.@*
  192: J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  193:    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  194:    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  195:    it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
  196:    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  197:    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  198:    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@*
  199: K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
  200:    preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
  201:    substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
  202:    and/or dedications given therein.@*
  203: L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  204:    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
  205:    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@*
  206: M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.''  Such a section
  207:    may not be included in the Modified Version.@*
  208: N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
  209:    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@*
  210: @sp 1
  211: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  212: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  213: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  214: of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
  215: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  216: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
  217: 
  218: You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
  219: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  220: parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  221: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  222: standard.
  223: 
  224: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  225: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  226: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
  227: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
  228: through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
  229: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
  230: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
  231: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  232: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  233: 
  234: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  235: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  236: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  237: @sp 1
  238: @item
  239: COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  240: 
  241: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  242: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  243: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  244: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  245: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  246: license notice.
  247: 
  248: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  249: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  250: copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  251: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  252: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  253: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  254: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  255: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
  256: 
  257: In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
  258: in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
  259: ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
  260: and any sections entitled ``Dedications.''  You must delete all sections
  261: entitled ``Endorsements.''
  262: @sp 1
  263: @item
  264: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  265: 
  266: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  267: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  268: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
  269: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
  270: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  271: 
  272: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
  273: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
  274: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
  275: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  276: @sp 1
  277: @item
  278: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  279: 
  280: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  281: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  282: distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
  283: of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
  284: compilation.  Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this
  285: License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
  286: with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
  287: are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
  288: 
  289: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  290: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
  291: of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
  292: covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
  293: Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
  294: @sp 1
  295: @item
  296: TRANSLATION
  297: 
  298: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  299: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  300: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  301: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  302: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  303: original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
  304: translation of this License provided that you also include the
  305: original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement
  306: between the translation and the original English version of this
  307: License, the original English version will prevail.
  308: @sp 1
  309: @item
  310: TERMINATION
  311: 
  312: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
  313: as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
  314: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
  315: automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
  316: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
  317: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
  318: parties remain in full compliance.
  319: @sp 1
  320: @item
  321: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  322: 
  323: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
  324: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
  325: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
  326: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
  327: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
  328: 
  329: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  330: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  331: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
  332: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  333: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  334: Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
  335: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  336: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  337: 
  338: @end enumerate
  339: 
  340: @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  341: 
  342: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  343: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  344: license notices just after the title page:
  345: 
  346: @smallexample
  347: @group
  348: Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
  349: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  350: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
  351: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  352: with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the
  353: Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.
  354: A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
  355: Free Documentation License."
  356: @end group
  357: @end smallexample
  358: 
  359: If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''
  360: instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no
  361: Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of
  362: ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
  363: 
  364: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  365: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  366: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
  367: to permit their use in free software.